{"id":473,"date":"2026-10-14T00:10:09","date_gmt":"2026-10-13T22:10:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/?page_id=473"},"modified":"2026-10-14T00:10:09","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T22:10:09","slug":"conflictos-entre-socios","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/areas-de-practica\/conflictos-entre-socios\/","title":{"rendered":"Shareholder disputes (conflictos entre socios)"},"content":{"rendered":"<a class=\"rs rs-saltar\" href=\"#contenido\">Skip to content<\/a>\n<header class=\"rs rs-cab\">\n<div class=\"rs-cab__in\">\n<a class=\"rs-cab__logo\" href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/\" aria-label=\"Ruiz &amp; Soguero Abogadas, home\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/rs-logo-horizontal.png\" alt=\"Ruiz &amp; Soguero Abogadas\" width=\"656\" height=\"132\"><\/a>\n<nav class=\"rs-cab__nav\" aria-label=\"Main\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/areas-de-practica\/\">Practice areas<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/equipo\/\">Lawyers<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/despacho\/\">The firm<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/contacto\/\">Contact<\/a>\n<\/nav>\n<div class=\"rs-cab__acc\">\n<nav class=\"rs-cab__idioma\" aria-label=\"Idioma \/ Language\" data-no-translation>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/473\" lang=\"es\" hreflang=\"es\">ES<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/473\" lang=\"en\" hreflang=\"en\" aria-current=\"true\">EN<\/a>\n<\/nav>\n<a class=\"rs-cab__cta\" href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/contacto\/\">Book a consultation<\/a>\n<button type=\"button\" class=\"rs-cab__menu\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"rs-menu\" data-rs-abrir>\n<svg width=\"28\" height=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 28 18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#5B4580\" stroke-width=\"2\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M1 2h26M1 9h26M1 16h26\"><\/path><\/svg>\n<span>Menu<\/span>\n<\/button>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"rs rs-menu\" id=\"rs-menu\" role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"true\" aria-label=\"Menu\" hidden>\n<div class=\"rs-menu__cab\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/\" aria-label=\"Ruiz &amp; 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display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 50px; padding: 0 24px; background: #2A2433; color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 700\">Book your first consultation<\/a>\n<nav class=\"rs-menu__idioma\" aria-label=\"Idioma \/ Language\" data-no-translation style=\"display: flex; gap: 18px; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 0.08em\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/473\" lang=\"es\" hreflang=\"es\" style=\"font-weight: 700\">ESPA\u00d1OL<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/473\" lang=\"en\" hreflang=\"en\" aria-current=\"true\" style=\"font-weight: 700\">ENGLISH<\/a>\n<\/nav>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"rs\" id=\"contenido\" aria-labelledby=\"titulo\" style=\"background: #F3F0EB; border-bottom: 1px solid #E4DFD7\">\n<div style=\"max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 48px clamp(20px, 4vw, 40px) 60px\">\n<nav aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" style=\"font-size: 13px; color: #5F5A66\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/\">Home<\/a> <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\/<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/areas-de-practica\/\">Practice areas<\/a> <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\/<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/areas-de-practica\/#mercantil\">Commercial<\/a><\/nav>\n<p style=\"margin: 26px 0 12px; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.16em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #5B4580\">Commercial<\/p>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 16px 32px\">\n<h1 id=\"titulo\" style=\"margin: 0; max-width: 860px; font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: clamp(40px, 4.6vw, 64px); line-height: 1.04; color: #2A2433\">Shareholder disputes (conflictos entre socios)<\/h1>\n<span aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"flex: 1 1 100px; height: 2px; background: #C9B8E8\"><\/span>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"max-width: 780px; margin: 24px 0 18px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; color: #3E3946\">When partners cannot agree, the law provides specific remedies: challenging resolutions, demanding information, leaving the company, expelling a partner, suing the directors or seeking dissolution if the company is deadlocked. Several have short time limits. We analyse your position, first try to reach a negotiated solution and, if that fails, represent you in court.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0; font-size: 14px; color: #5F5A66\">By <a href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/equipo\/elena-fernandez-ruiz\/\" style=\"font-weight: 600; color: #5B4580\">Elena Fern\u00e1ndez Ruiz<\/a>, ICAB member no. 43871 \u00b7 Updated on 14 October 2026<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"rs\" style=\"background: #FFFFFF\">\n<div style=\"max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 56px clamp(20px, 4vw, 40px) 88px; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 48px 64px; align-items: flex-start\">\n<article style=\"flex: 2 1 620px; min-width: 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 52px\">\n\n<div>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 0 0 18px; font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 34px; line-height: 1.1; color: #2A2433\">In brief<\/h2>\n<dl style=\"margin: 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; border-top: 1px solid #E4DFD7\">\n<div style=\"flex: 1 1 280px; padding: 18px 20px 18px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #E4DFD7\">\n<dt style=\"font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #5B4580\">Who it is for<\/dt>\n<dd style=\"margin: 6px 0 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5\">Minority or majority partners and directors of private limited companies and unlisted public limited companies involved in a corporate dispute.<\/dd>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex: 1 1 280px; padding: 18px 20px 18px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #E4DFD7\">\n<dt style=\"font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #5B4580\">Where it is resolved<\/dt>\n<dd style=\"margin: 6px 0 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5\">First, through an attempt to negotiate, required for most claims; if there is no agreement, before the Commercial Section (Secci\u00f3n de lo Mercantil) of the Court of First Instance (Tribunal de Instancia).<\/dd>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex: 1 1 280px; padding: 18px 20px 18px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #E4DFD7\">\n<dt style=\"font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #5B4580\">Time limit to challenge resolutions<\/dt>\n<dd style=\"margin: 6px 0 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5\">One year from adoption or, if registered, from when the registration takes effect against third parties; resolutions contrary to public policy can be challenged at any time.<\/dd>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex: 1 1 280px; padding: 18px 20px 18px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #E4DFD7\">\n<dt style=\"font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #5B4580\">Fees<\/dt>\n<dd style=\"margin: 6px 0 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5\">We quote them in the first consultation (\u20ac40), with the option to pay in instalments.<\/dd>\n<\/div>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n\n<div>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 0 0 18px; font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 34px; line-height: 1.1; color: #2A2433\">What it covers<\/h2>\n<ul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 14px\">\n<li style=\"display: flex; gap: 14px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"flex: 0 0 auto; width: 8px; height: 8px; margin-top: 9px; background: #9F86C9\"><\/span>Challenging resolutions contrary to the law, the articles or the company's interest, including those imposed abusively by the majority; partners holding at least 1% may sue.<\/li>\n<li style=\"display: flex; gap: 14px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"flex: 0 0 auto; width: 8px; height: 8px; margin-top: 9px; background: #9F86C9\"><\/span>In a limited company, information on the agenda and, with 5% of the capital, inspection of the accounting records once the annual accounts meeting has been called, unless the articles provide otherwise.<\/li>\n<li style=\"display: flex; gap: 14px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"flex: 0 0 auto; width: 8px; height: 8px; margin-top: 9px; background: #9F86C9\"><\/span>Right to withdraw on statutory grounds, such as a substantial change to the corporate purpose, exercised in writing within one month.<\/li>\n<li style=\"display: flex; gap: 14px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"flex: 0 0 auto; width: 8px; height: 8px; margin-top: 9px; background: #9F86C9\"><\/span>Withdrawal for failure to distribute dividends (art. 348 bis), unless the articles exclude it, to be exercised within one month of the annual general meeting.<\/li>\n<li style=\"display: flex; gap: 14px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"flex: 0 0 auto; width: 8px; height: 8px; margin-top: 9px; background: #9F86C9\"><\/span>Expulsion of partners on statutory or contractual grounds; if the partner holds 25% or more and does not agree, a final court decision is generally needed.<\/li>\n<li style=\"display: flex; gap: 14px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"flex: 0 0 auto; width: 8px; height: 8px; margin-top: 9px; background: #9F86C9\"><\/span>Company action against directors, brought by the company or by the minority, and individual action for direct loss; both are time-barred after four years.<\/li>\n<li style=\"display: flex; gap: 14px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"flex: 0 0 auto; width: 8px; height: 8px; margin-top: 9px; background: #9F86C9\"><\/span>Dissolution when the company's bodies are paralysed: a general meeting must be called within two months and, failing agreement, judicial dissolution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<div>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 0 0 22px; font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 34px; line-height: 1.1; color: #2A2433\">How we help you<\/h2>\n<ol style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; display: flex; flex-direction: column\">\n<li style=\"display: flex; gap: 22px; padding: 18px 0; border-top: 1px solid #E4DFD7\">\n<span aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"flex: 0 0 40px; font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 30px; line-height: 1; color: #9F86C9\">1<\/span>\n<div><h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 4px; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 600\">We study your position<\/h3><p style=\"margin: 0; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6; color: #5F5A66\">We review the articles, shareholders' agreements, minutes and accounts, work out the running deadlines and explain which route fits your goal: staying, leaving or claiming.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"display: flex; gap: 22px; padding: 18px 0; border-top: 1px solid #E4DFD7\">\n<span aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"flex: 0 0 40px; font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 30px; line-height: 1; color: #9F86C9\">2<\/span>\n<div><h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 4px; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 600\">Prior negotiation<\/h3><p style=\"margin: 0; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6; color: #5F5A66\">We seek a negotiated solution, which is also a precondition for most civil and commercial claims. The request interrupts limitation periods or suspends time limits for bringing claims.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"display: flex; gap: 22px; padding: 18px 0; border-top: 1px solid #E4DFD7\">\n<span aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"flex: 0 0 40px; font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 30px; line-height: 1; color: #9F86C9\">3<\/span>\n<div><h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 4px; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 600\">Court claim<\/h3><p style=\"margin: 0; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6; color: #5F5A66\">If there is no agreement, we prepare the claim and, if needed, apply for pre-action interim measures or preliminary inquiries, which do not require prior negotiation.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"display: flex; gap: 22px; padding: 18px 0; border-top: 1px solid #E4DFD7; border-bottom: 1px solid #E4DFD7\">\n<span aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"flex: 0 0 40px; font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 30px; line-height: 1; color: #9F86C9\">4<\/span>\n<div><h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 4px; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 600\">Follow-up<\/h3><p style=\"margin: 0; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6; color: #5F5A66\">We support you throughout the proceedings, in valuing the shares if there is a withdrawal or expulsion, and in enforcing the judgment or agreement.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n<div>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 0 0 12px; font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 34px; line-height: 1.1; color: #2A2433\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n<div style=\"border-top: 1px solid #E4DFD7\">\n<details open=\"open\" style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #E4DFD7; padding: 18px 0\">\n<summary style=\"display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: 16px; min-height: 44px; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 600\">Do I have to negotiate before suing?<span class=\"rs-signo\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"font-size: 22px; font-weight: 400; color: #5B4580\"><\/span><\/summary>\n<p style=\"margin: 8px 0 0; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.65; color: #5F5A66\">Generally, yes. Since April 2025, most civil and commercial claims require a prior attempt at an appropriate dispute resolution method, such as negotiation between lawyers or mediation. It is not needed, for example, to seek pre-action interim measures or in non-contentious proceedings (jurisdicci\u00f3n voluntaria).<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #E4DFD7; padding: 18px 0\">\n<summary style=\"display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: 16px; min-height: 44px; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 600\">If we negotiate, do I lose the one-year period to challenge the resolution?<span class=\"rs-signo\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"font-size: 22px; font-weight: 400; color: #5B4580\"><\/span><\/summary>\n<p style=\"margin: 8px 0 0; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.65; color: #5F5A66\">Not necessarily. A negotiation request that clearly defines its subject suspends the time limit from the attempted delivery; time runs again if there is no reply within thirty calendar days or if negotiations end without agreement. The claim must then be filed within what remains of the one-year period.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #E4DFD7; padding: 18px 0\">\n<summary style=\"display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: 16px; min-height: 44px; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 600\">The company makes profits but never pays dividends. Can I leave?<span class=\"rs-signo\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"font-size: 22px; font-weight: 400; color: #5B4580\"><\/span><\/summary>\n<p style=\"margin: 8px 0 0; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.65; color: #5F5A66\">You may have a right to withdraw if, after the fifth financial year since registration, the meeting does not distribute at least 25% of the previous year's distributable profit, there were profits in the three prior years and you recorded your protest in the minutes. There are exceptions and the articles may exclude it.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 28px; line-height: 1.1; color: #2A2433\">Legislation<\/h2>\n<ul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; border-top: 1px solid #E4DFD7\">\n<li style=\"padding: 10px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #F0ECE6; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-2010-10544\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color: #5B4580; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px\">Royal Legislative Decree 1\/2010, Capital Companies Act (arts. 196, 204 to 208, 236 to 241 bis, 346 to 353 and 363 to 367)<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 10px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #F0ECE6; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-2025-76\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color: #5B4580; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px\">Organic Law 1\/2025 on the efficiency of the Public Justice Service (arts. 2 to 10)<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 10px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #F0ECE6; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-1985-12666\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color: #5B4580; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px\">Organic Law 6\/1985 on the Judiciary (art. 87, Commercial Sections)<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 10px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #F0ECE6; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-2015-7391\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color: #5B4580; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px\">Law 15\/2015 on Non-Contentious Proceedings (arts. 125 to 128, judicial dissolution of companies)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n\n<aside style=\"flex: 1 1 300px; min-width: 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 24px\">\n<div style=\"border: 1px solid #E4DFD7\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/rs-elena-fernandez-ruiz.jpg\" width=\"720\" height=\"960\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Portrait of Elena Fern\u00e1ndez Ruiz\" style=\"display: block; width: 100%; height: 260px; object-fit: cover; object-position: 50% 16%\">\n<div style=\"padding: 22px 22px 24px\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 6px; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #5B4580\">Lawyer in charge<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 4px; font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 26px; line-height: 1.15\">Elena Fern\u00e1ndez Ruiz<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 16px; font-size: 14px; color: #5F5A66\">Commercial \u00b7 ICAB member no. 43871<\/p>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px\">\n<a class=\"rs-boton\" href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/contacto\/\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 46px; padding: 0 18px; background: #2A2433; color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700\">Book a consultation<\/a>\n<a class=\"rs-boton-burdeos\" href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/equipo\/elena-fernandez-ruiz\/\" style=\"display: inline-flex; 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