{"id":474,"date":"2026-10-14T00:10:09","date_gmt":"2026-10-13T22:10:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/?page_id=474"},"modified":"2026-10-14T00:10:09","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T22:10:09","slug":"creacion-de-empresas","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/areas-de-practica\/creacion-de-empresas\/","title":{"rendered":"Setting up a company (sociedad limitada)"},"content":{"rendered":"<a class=\"rs rs-saltar\" href=\"#contenido\">Skip to content<\/a>\n<header class=\"rs rs-cab\">\n<div class=\"rs-cab__in\">\n<a class=\"rs-cab__logo\" href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/\" aria-label=\"Ruiz &amp; Soguero Abogadas, home\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/rs-logo-horizontal.png\" alt=\"Ruiz &amp; Soguero Abogadas\" width=\"656\" height=\"132\"><\/a>\n<nav class=\"rs-cab__nav\" aria-label=\"Main\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/areas-de-practica\/\">Practice areas<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/equipo\/\">Lawyers<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/despacho\/\">The firm<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/contacto\/\">Contact<\/a>\n<\/nav>\n<div class=\"rs-cab__acc\">\n<nav class=\"rs-cab__idioma\" aria-label=\"Idioma \/ Language\" data-no-translation>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/474\" lang=\"es\" hreflang=\"es\">ES<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/474\" lang=\"en\" hreflang=\"en\" aria-current=\"true\">EN<\/a>\n<\/nav>\n<a class=\"rs-cab__cta\" href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/contacto\/\">Book a consultation<\/a>\n<button type=\"button\" class=\"rs-cab__menu\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"rs-menu\" data-rs-abrir>\n<svg width=\"28\" height=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 28 18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#5B4580\" stroke-width=\"2\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M1 2h26M1 9h26M1 16h26\"><\/path><\/svg>\n<span>Menu<\/span>\n<\/button>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"rs rs-menu\" id=\"rs-menu\" role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"true\" aria-label=\"Menu\" hidden>\n<div class=\"rs-menu__cab\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/\" aria-label=\"Ruiz &amp; 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display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 50px; padding: 0 24px; background: #2A2433; color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 700\">Book your first consultation<\/a>\n<nav class=\"rs-menu__idioma\" aria-label=\"Idioma \/ Language\" data-no-translation style=\"display: flex; gap: 18px; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 0.08em\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/474\" lang=\"es\" hreflang=\"es\" style=\"font-weight: 700\">ESPA\u00d1OL<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/474\" lang=\"en\" hreflang=\"en\" aria-current=\"true\" style=\"font-weight: 700\">ENGLISH<\/a>\n<\/nav>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"rs\" id=\"contenido\" aria-labelledby=\"titulo\" style=\"background: #F3F0EB; border-bottom: 1px solid #E4DFD7\">\n<div style=\"max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 48px clamp(20px, 4vw, 40px) 60px\">\n<nav aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" style=\"font-size: 13px; color: #5F5A66\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/\">Home<\/a> <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\/<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/areas-de-practica\/\">Practice areas<\/a> <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\/<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/areas-de-practica\/#mercantil\">Commercial<\/a><\/nav>\n<p style=\"margin: 26px 0 12px; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.16em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #5B4580\">Commercial<\/p>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 16px 32px\">\n<h1 id=\"titulo\" style=\"margin: 0; max-width: 860px; font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: clamp(40px, 4.6vw, 64px); line-height: 1.04; color: #2A2433\">Setting up a company (sociedad limitada)<\/h1>\n<span aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"flex: 1 1 100px; height: 2px; background: #C9B8E8\"><\/span>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"max-width: 780px; margin: 24px 0 18px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6; color: #3E3946\">We help you set up your private limited company (sociedad limitada) in Spain: company name, articles of association, deed before a notary, registration at the Companies Register and tax registration. Since the Crea y Crece Act the minimum share capital is one euro, with certain rules until it reaches \u20ac3,000. We support you at every step, including when any of the partners is foreign.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0; font-size: 14px; color: #5F5A66\">By <a href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/equipo\/elena-fernandez-ruiz\/\" style=\"font-weight: 600; color: #5B4580\">Elena Fern\u00e1ndez Ruiz<\/a>, ICAB member no. 43871 \u00b7 Updated on 14 October 2026<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"rs\" style=\"background: #FFFFFF\">\n<div style=\"max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 56px clamp(20px, 4vw, 40px) 88px; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 48px 64px; align-items: flex-start\">\n<article style=\"flex: 2 1 620px; min-width: 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 52px\">\n\n<div>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 0 0 18px; font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 34px; line-height: 1.1; color: #2A2433\">In brief<\/h2>\n<dl style=\"margin: 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; border-top: 1px solid #E4DFD7\">\n<div style=\"flex: 1 1 280px; padding: 18px 20px 18px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #E4DFD7\">\n<dt style=\"font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #5B4580\">Who it is for<\/dt>\n<dd style=\"margin: 6px 0 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5\">Entrepreneurs, professionals and investors, whether resident or not, who want to set up a limited company registered in Spain.<\/dd>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex: 1 1 280px; padding: 18px 20px 18px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #E4DFD7\">\n<dt style=\"font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #5B4580\">Where it is handled<\/dt>\n<dd style=\"margin: 6px 0 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5\">Before a notary, in person or by videoconference, and at the Companies Register (Registro Mercantil) of the registered office; it can also be done online through CIRCE and the Business Support Points (PAE).<\/dd>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex: 1 1 280px; padding: 18px 20px 18px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #E4DFD7\">\n<dt style=\"font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #5B4580\">Minimum capital<\/dt>\n<dd style=\"margin: 6px 0 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5\">One euro, fully paid up. Until it reaches \u20ac3,000, at least 20% of profits must go to the legal reserve and, if the company is wound up without sufficient assets, the partners are liable for the shortfall.<\/dd>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex: 1 1 280px; padding: 18px 20px 18px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #E4DFD7\">\n<dt style=\"font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #5B4580\">Fees<\/dt>\n<dd style=\"margin: 6px 0 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5\">We quote them in the first consultation (\u20ac40), with the option to pay in instalments.<\/dd>\n<\/div>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n\n<div>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 0 0 18px; font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 34px; line-height: 1.1; color: #2A2433\">Typical documents<\/h2>\n<ul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 14px\">\n<li style=\"display: flex; gap: 14px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"flex: 0 0 auto; width: 8px; height: 8px; margin-top: 9px; background: #9F86C9\"><\/span>Certificate from the Central Companies Register that the name is available (certificaci\u00f3n negativa), still valid: it lasts three months from issue.<\/li>\n<li style=\"display: flex; gap: 14px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"flex: 0 0 auto; width: 8px; height: 8px; margin-top: 9px; background: #9F86C9\"><\/span>Articles of association stating the name, corporate purpose, registered office, capital, shares and how the company will be managed.<\/li>\n<li style=\"display: flex; gap: 14px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"flex: 0 0 auto; width: 8px; height: 8px; margin-top: 9px; background: #9F86C9\"><\/span>Proof of cash contributions with a bank certificate, valid for two months, or a statement by the founders that they are jointly liable for their reality.<\/li>\n<li style=\"display: flex; gap: 14px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"flex: 0 0 auto; width: 8px; height: 8px; margin-top: 9px; background: #9F86C9\"><\/span>Tax identification number of each partner who signs: Spanish ID (DNI) or, for foreigners, NIE or the NIF assigned by the Tax Agency (Agencia Tributaria).<\/li>\n<li style=\"display: flex; gap: 14px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"flex: 0 0 auto; width: 8px; height: 8px; margin-top: 9px; background: #9F86C9\"><\/span>Non-resident partners with 10% or more: declaration to the Investment Register (form D-1A) within one month; if a notary is involved, the notary files it.<\/li>\n<li style=\"display: flex; gap: 14px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"flex: 0 0 auto; width: 8px; height: 8px; margin-top: 9px; background: #9F86C9\"><\/span>In strategic sectors, certain investors from outside the EU and EFTA require prior government authorisation.<\/li>\n<li style=\"display: flex; gap: 14px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"flex: 0 0 auto; width: 8px; height: 8px; margin-top: 9px; background: #9F86C9\"><\/span>After registration, application for the definitive tax number (NIF) and census registration with the Tax Agency using form 036.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<div>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 0 0 22px; font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 34px; line-height: 1.1; color: #2A2433\">How we help you<\/h2>\n<ol style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; display: flex; flex-direction: column\">\n<li style=\"display: flex; gap: 22px; padding: 18px 0; border-top: 1px solid #E4DFD7\">\n<span aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"flex: 0 0 40px; font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 30px; line-height: 1; color: #9F86C9\">1<\/span>\n<div><h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 4px; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 600\">We study your project<\/h3><p style=\"margin: 0; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6; color: #5F5A66\">We look at the partners, capital, management structure and any foreign partners, and explain whether standard or bespoke articles of association suit you best.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"display: flex; gap: 22px; padding: 18px 0; border-top: 1px solid #E4DFD7\">\n<span aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"flex: 0 0 40px; font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 30px; line-height: 1; color: #9F86C9\">2<\/span>\n<div><h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 4px; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 600\">We prepare the incorporation<\/h3><p style=\"margin: 0; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6; color: #5F5A66\">We apply for the company name, draft the articles and coordinate with the notary the deed, the bank certificate and each partner's documents.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"display: flex; gap: 22px; padding: 18px 0; border-top: 1px solid #E4DFD7\">\n<span aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"flex: 0 0 40px; font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 30px; line-height: 1; color: #9F86C9\">3<\/span>\n<div><h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 4px; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 600\">Signing and registration<\/h3><p style=\"margin: 0; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6; color: #5F5A66\">We attend the signing with you and follow the registration at the Companies Register, which must be requested within two months of the deed. Registration gives the company legal personality.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"display: flex; gap: 22px; padding: 18px 0; border-top: 1px solid #E4DFD7; border-bottom: 1px solid #E4DFD7\">\n<span aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"flex: 0 0 40px; font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 30px; line-height: 1; color: #9F86C9\">4<\/span>\n<div><h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 4px; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 600\">Follow-up formalities<\/h3><p style=\"margin: 0; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6; color: #5F5A66\">We handle the definitive tax number, census registration and, where applicable, the foreign investment declaration, and explain the obligations that begin with trading.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n<div>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 0 0 12px; font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 34px; line-height: 1.1; color: #2A2433\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n<div style=\"border-top: 1px solid #E4DFD7\">\n<details open=\"open\" style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #E4DFD7; padding: 18px 0\">\n<summary style=\"display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: 16px; min-height: 44px; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 600\">Can I set up a limited company with one euro of capital?<span class=\"rs-signo\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"font-size: 22px; font-weight: 400; color: #5B4580\"><\/span><\/summary>\n<p style=\"margin: 8px 0 0; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.65; color: #5F5A66\">Yes. Since Law 18\/2022 the minimum capital is one euro. Until it reaches \u20ac3,000, at least 20% of profits must go to the legal reserve and, if the company is wound up without enough assets, the partners are jointly liable for the difference up to \u20ac3,000.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #E4DFD7; padding: 18px 0\">\n<summary style=\"display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: 16px; min-height: 44px; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 600\">How long does online incorporation take?<span class=\"rs-signo\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"font-size: 22px; font-weight: 400; color: #5B4580\"><\/span><\/summary>\n<p style=\"margin: 8px 0 0; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.65; color: #5F5A66\">With standard articles through CIRCE, the law sets working hours: the notary appointment within twelve and registration within six. With bespoke articles, final registration has a five-day deadline. In practice, it depends on having all documents ready.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #E4DFD7; padding: 18px 0\">\n<summary style=\"display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: 16px; min-height: 44px; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 600\">Can I set up the company without travelling to Spain?<span class=\"rs-signo\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"font-size: 22px; font-weight: 400; color: #5B4580\"><\/span><\/summary>\n<p style=\"margin: 8px 0 0; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.65; color: #5F5A66\">In many cases, yes. The law allows a company to be incorporated before a notary by videoconference when contributions are in cash, using electronic identification. You will also need your NIE or a Spanish NIF.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div>\n<h2 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 28px; line-height: 1.1; color: #2A2433\">Legislation<\/h2>\n<ul style=\"margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; border-top: 1px solid #E4DFD7\">\n<li style=\"padding: 10px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #F0ECE6; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-2010-10544\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color: #5B4580; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px\">Royal Legislative Decree 1\/2010, Capital Companies Act (arts. 4, 20 to 23, 32, 33, 62 and 78)<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 10px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #F0ECE6; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-2022-15818\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color: #5B4580; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px\">Law 18\/2022 on business creation and growth (art. 2 and second transitional provision)<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 10px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #F0ECE6; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color: #5B4580; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px\">Law 14\/2013 on support for entrepreneurs (arts. 13, 15 and 16)<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"padding: 10px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #F0ECE6; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-2023-15549\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color: #5B4580; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px\">Royal Decree 571\/2023 on foreign investment (arts. 4 and 5)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n\n<aside style=\"flex: 1 1 300px; min-width: 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 24px\">\n<div style=\"border: 1px solid #E4DFD7\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/rs-elena-fernandez-ruiz.jpg\" width=\"720\" height=\"960\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Portrait of Elena Fern\u00e1ndez Ruiz\" style=\"display: block; width: 100%; height: 260px; object-fit: cover; object-position: 50% 16%\">\n<div style=\"padding: 22px 22px 24px\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 6px; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #5B4580\">Lawyer in charge<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 4px; font-family: 'Cormorant Garamond', Georgia, serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 26px; line-height: 1.15\">Elena Fern\u00e1ndez Ruiz<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 16px; font-size: 14px; color: #5F5A66\">Commercial \u00b7 ICAB member no. 43871<\/p>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px\">\n<a class=\"rs-boton\" href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/contacto\/\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 46px; padding: 0 18px; background: #2A2433; color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700\">Book a consultation<\/a>\n<a class=\"rs-boton-burdeos\" href=\"https:\/\/ruizsogueroabogadas.com\/en\/equipo\/elena-fernandez-ruiz\/\" style=\"display: inline-flex; 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